History of jinan tpr soles

Eva sole Tpr soles Tengda
The area of present-day Jinan has been inhabited for more than 4000 years. The Neolithic Longshan Culture was first discovered at the Chengziya (城子崖) site to the east of Jinan (Zhangqiu City) in 1928. One of the unique features of the Longshan Culture is the skill of pottery making, demonstrated in recovered black pottery relics - some of which are as thin as egg shells.
During the Spring and Autumn Period (722 B.C. - 481 B.C.) and Warring States Period (475 B.C - 221 B.C.), the area of Jinan was split between two states - the state of Lu in the west and the state of Qi in the east. In 685 B.C., the state of Qi started to build the Great Wall of Qi (Chinese: 齐长城; pinyin: Qí Chángchéng) across Changqing county. Portions of the wall still remains today and are accessible as open air museums. Bian Que (扁鹊) from the present-day Changqing County became the earliest Chinese doctor to appear in historical documents. Zou Yan (邹衍, 305 B.C - 240 B.C) developed the concepts of Yin-Yang and the Five Elements (阴阳五行说).
In the time of the Han Dynasty (206 B.C. - 220 A.D.), Jinan was the capital of Kingdom of Jibei (济北国) and started to become the cultural and economic hub of the region. In 1995 and 1996, archaeologists from Shandong University excavated the Han Dynasty tombe at the Shuangru Mountain (双乳山汉墓) where the last king of Jibei, Liu Kuan (刘宽) was buried. More than 2000 relics such as jade swords, jade masks, jade pillows have been recovered within the 1,500 square meter excavation site, emphasizing the wealth of the city during the period. Cao cao (曹操, 155 A.D - 220 A.D) was an official in Jinan before he became the de facto ruler of the Han Dynasty. His son overthrew the last emperor of the Han and founded the Wei Kingdom (220 A.D - 265 A.D) of the Three Kingdoms Period.
Since the 5th century, Buddhism has flourished in Jinan. The Langgong Temple (朗公寺) in the southern county of Licheng was one of the most important temples in northern China at that time. The same period witnessed extensive construction of Buddhist sites in the southern counties of Licheng and Changqing such as the Lingyan Temple (灵岩寺) and Thousand-Buddha Cliff (千佛崖). In particular, a large number cave temples were established in the hills south of Jinan[1].
Jinan remained the cultural center of the region during the Song Dynasty (960 A.D - 1279 A.D). The Song rulers promoted Jinan to a superior prefecture in 1116. Two of most important poets of the Southern Song were both born in Jinan: Xin Qiji (辛弃疾, 1140 A.D - 1207 A.D ), the famous patriotic poet who led the peasant rebellion against the Jurchen invasion in 1161 A.D. and Li Qingzhao (李清照, 1084 A.D - 1151 A.D), the most famous female poet in Chinese history. Both of the poets lived in the period when the Song Dynasty suffered major military setbacks against the Jurchens losing almost half of its territories. Although well-known for their patriotism, the poets failed to persuade the government of the Song Dynasty to stand up to the Jin Dynasty established by the Jurchens and recover the lost territories including Jinan. After retreating to southern China and realizing the incapabilities of their government, the poets started to write extensively and passionately about their hope of a stronger nation and recovery of lost lands.
During the Jin (1115 – 1234 AD) and Yuan (1271 – 1368AD) Dynasties, culture in Jinan continued to thrive. One of the most famous artists of the Yuan Dynasty, Zhao Mengfu (赵孟頫, 1254 -1322 A.D) was appointed as the governor of Jinan in 1293 A.D and spent three years in the city. Among the extraordinary art works he completed during his stay in Jinan, the best known painting is "Autumn Colors on the Qiao and Hua Mountains" (鹊华秋色). Geographer Yu Qin (于钦, 1284 A.D - 1333 A.D) was also an official of Jinan and authored his famous geography book Qi Cheng (齐乘) in Jinan.
Jinan became the capital when Shandong Province was established in the Ming Dynasty[1].
The shift of the Yellow River into a new bed to the north in 1852 triggered the modern expansion of Jinan. The new course of the Yellow River connected the city to the Grand Canal and regional waterways in northern Shandong and southern Hebei[1].
German influence in Jinan grew after the Qing Dynasty ceded Qingdao to the German Empire in 1897. The Jiaoji (Qingdao-Jinan) railway was built by the Germans against local resistance. Discontent over the construction of the railway was one of the sources fueling the Boxer Rebellion (1899-1901)[3]. During the rebellion, foreign priests were evacuated from Jinan and Chinese christians became a target of violence. The Jiao-Ji railway was completed after the Boxer Rebellion had been put down, in 1904 and opened the city to foreign trade[1]. The importance of Jinan as a transportation hub was cemented with the completion of the north-south Jinpu railway from Tianjin to Pukou in 1912[1]. Jinan became a major trading center for agricultural goods in northern China. Traded commodities included cotton, grain, peanuts, and tobacco[1]. Jinan also developed into a major industrial center, taking the second place after Qingdao.
In 1919, after the First World War, the Japanese took over the German sphere of influence in Shandong, established a significant Japanese colony in Jinan[1] and took control of the Jiaoji railway.
During the Warlord era of the Republic of China, Zhang Zongchang, nick-named the "Dogmeat General", ruled Shandong from Jinan during the period lasting from April 1925 until May 1928. Zhang was unpopular for his heavy-handed rule and in particular his heavy taxation[4]. He even planned to build a living shrine and a large bronze statue for himself on the shore of Daming Lake, but these plans were not realized.
In spring 1928, the Northern Expedition reached Jinan. On May 3rd, 1928, clashes developed between Japanese troops stationed in Jinan and the Kuomintang troops moving into the city (Jinan Incident). During the Nanking decade of the Republic of China, Han Fuju, a military commander who had aligned himself with the Kuomintang, became military governor of Shandong. He established his base in Jinan and is credited with curtailing banditry and drug trading, but from 1935 onwards came under heavy pressure from the Japanese consul in Jinan to declare Shandong an "independent state" allied with Japan.
After the start of the Second Sino-Japanese War, the Japanese invasion force crossed the Yellow River 60 kilometers north-east of Jinan Shandong on December 23rd, 1937[5]. Han Fuju abandoned Jinan on the next day against orders to hold the city to the death[5]. He ordered the offices of the provincial government and the Japanese consulate to be burned down[5] and the ensuing power vacuum led to wide-spread looting in the city[5]. Japanese Troops entered Jinan on December 27th, 1937[5].
The People's Liberation Army breached the city wall and entered Jinan on September 24, 1948.